How to use this tool
How to use this tool
Stanford University follows the categorizing of infectious agents into levels as described in Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL), 5th edition, written and published by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and NIH. The descriptions of biosafety levels (BSL) 1 – 4 parallel those in the NIH Guidelines for research involving recombinant DNA. The BSL categories are divided up by risk of disease combined with availability of preventive and therapeutic treatments. The table below contains a list of agents and their categories. An asterisk (*) indicates select agents.
| Bacterial Agent | BSL |
|---|---|
| Actinetobacter calceticus | 2 |
| Actinobacillus sp. | 2 |
| Actinomyces sp. | 2 |
| Aeromaonas sp. | 2 |
| Arachnida propionica | 2 |
| Bacillus alvei | 2 |
| Bacillus anthracis* | 2 |
| Bacteroides sp. | 2 |
| Bartonella sp. | 3 |
| Bordetella sp. | 2 |
| Bordetella pertussis | 2 |
| Borrelia sp. | 2 |
| Brucella sp.* | 2/3 |
| Campylobacter fetus var. jejuni | 2 |
| Camplobacter sp. | 2 |
| Chlamydia psittaci | 2 |
| Chlamydia pneumoniae | 2/3 |
| Chlamydia trachomatis | 3 |
| Clostridium botulinum* | 2/3 |
| Clostridium tetani | 2 |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 2 |
| Corynebacterium equi | 2 |
| Corynebacterium haemolyticum | 2 |
| Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis | 2 |
| Corynebacterium pysogenes | 2 |
| Corynebacterium renale | 2 |
| Enterobacteriaceae all other | 2 |
| Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae | 2 |
| Escherichia coli | 2 |
| Escherichia coli K12 derivative | 1 |
| Francisella tularensis* | 2/3 |
| Fusobacterium sp. | 2 |
| Haemophilus sp. | 2 |
| Klebsiella sp. | 2 |
| Legionella pneumophilia | 2/3 |
| Leptospira interrogans all servars | 2 |
| Listeria sp. | 2 |
| Moraxella sp. | 2 |
| Mycobacterium avium | 2 |
| Mycobacterium bovis | 3 |
| Mycobacterium leprae | 2 |
| Mycobacterium sp. | 2 |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 2/3 |
| Mycoplasma sp. | 2 |
| Neisseria gonorrhoreae | 2/3 |
| Neisseria menegitidis | 2/3 |
| Nocardia sp. | 2 |
| Pasteurella sp. | 2 |
| Pseudomonas mallei | 2/3 |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | 2/3 |
| Pseudomonas testoserone | 2 |
| Rotococcus (Coryne.) equi | 2 |
| Salmonella sp. | 2 |
| Salmonella typhi | 2/3 |
| Shigella sp. | 2 |
| Staphylococcus sp. | 2 |
| Streptococcus sp. | 2 |
| Streptocacillus moniliformis | 2 |
| Streptomyces somaliensis | 2 |
| Treponema pallidum | 2 |
| Vibrio sp. | 2 |
| Yersinia pestis* | 2/3 |
| Fungal Agent | BSL |
|---|---|
| Blastomyces dermatitides | 2 |
| Coccidioides immitis* | 2/3 |
| Cryptococcus neoformans | 2 |
| Epidermophyton – pathogenic sp. | 2 |
| Histoplasma capsulatum | 2/3 |
| Microsporum – pathogenic sp. | 2 |
| Paracoccidioides brasilienisis | 2 |
| Sporothrix schenckii | 2 |
| Trichophyton – pathogenic sp. | 2 |
| Candida albicans | 2 |
| Miscellaneous Molds | 2 |
| Parasitic Agent | BSL |
|---|---|
| Anaplasma sp. | 2 |
| Ascaris sp. | 2 |
| Coccidia sp. | 2 |
| Cryptosporidia sp. | 2 |
| Echinococcus Granulosus | 2 |
| Ehrlichia sp. | 2 |
| Entamoeba sp. | 2 |
| Enterobius sp. | 2 |
| Fasciola sp. | 2 |
| Giardia sp. | 2 |
| Haemobartonella sp. | 2 |
| Hymenolepsis nana | 2 |
| Leishmania sp. | 2 |
| Leukocytozoon sp. | 2 |
| Naegleria sp. | 2 |
| Plasmodium sp. | 2 |
| Sarcocystis sp. | 2 |
| Schistosoma sp. | 2 |
| Strongyloides sp. | 2 |
| Taenia solium | 2 |
| Toxocara canis | 2 |
| Toxoplasma sp. | 2 |
| Trichinella spiralis | 2 |
| Trypanosoma sp. | 2 |
| Rickettsial Agent | BSL |
|---|---|
| Coxiella burnetii* | 2/3 |
| Rickettsia akari | 2/3 |
| Rickettsia australis | 2/3 |
| Rickettsia canada | 2/3 |
| Rickettsia conorii | 2/3 |
| Rickettsia prowazekii* | 2/3 |
| Rickettsia rickettsii* | 2/3 |
| Rickettsia siberica | 2/3 |
| Rickettsia tsutsugamushi | 2/3 |
| Rickettsia typhi (R. mooseri) | 2/3 |
| Rochalimaea quintana | 2 |
| Rochalimaea vinsonii | 2 |
| Spotted Fever Group – other | 2/3 |
| Viral Agent | BSL |
|---|---|
| Adenoviruses | 2 |
| Adenoviruses – animal – all | 2 |
| Aleutian Disease Virus | 2 |
| Arboviruses – certain | 2 |
| Arboviruses – certain | 3 |
| Arboviruses – certain | 4 |
| Arenaviruses – certain | 3 |
| Arenaviruses – certain | 4 |
| Avian Erthyroblastosis Virus | 2 |
| Avian Leucosis Virus | 2 |
| Avian Lymphomatosis Virus | 2 |
| Avian Myeloblasotosos Virus | 2 |
| Bovine Encephalomyelitis Virus | 2 |
| Bovine Leukemia Virus | 2 |
| Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus | 2 |
| Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) | 2 |
| Cache Valley Virus | 2 |
| Canine Hepatitis Virus | 2 |
| Canine Distemper Virus | 2 |
| Caprine Arthritis | 2 |
| Coxsackie A & B Viruses | 2 |
| Cytomegaloviruses | 2 |
| Encephalomyelitis Virus* | 2 |
| Echovirus | 2 |
| Dengue Virus | 2 |
| Encephalomyocarditis Virus | 2 |
| Epidemic Diarrhea Infant Mice | 2 |
| Epstein-Barr Virus | 2 |
| Feline Leukemia Virus | 2 |
| Feline Sarcoma Virus | 2 |
| Filoviruses | 2 |
| Flanders Virus | 2 |
| Gibbon Ape Lymphosarcoma | 2 |
| Hart Park Virus | 2 |
| Hemorrhagic Fever Agents* | 2 |
| Hepatitis A Virus, Hepatitis E Virus | 2 |
| Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Hepatitis D Virus | 2 |
| Herpesvirus – other | 2 |
| Herpesvirus ateles | 2 |
| Herpesvirus saimir | 2 |
| Herpesvirus Simiae (B-virus) | 3 |
| Human Herpesviruses | 2 |
| Hog Cholera Virus | 2 |
| Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus I & II | 2 |
| Infectious Bronchitis Virus | 2 |
| Influenza Virus | 2 |
| Influenza Virus Virulent Avian | 3 |
| K (Rate) Virus | 2 |
| Lactic Dehydrogenase Elevating | 2 |
| Langat Virus | 2 |
| Laryngotracheitis Virus | 2 |
| Lassa Virus* | 4 |
| Low Risk Oncogenic Viruses | 2 |
| Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus | 2/3 |
| Marburg Virus* | 4 |
| Measles Virus | 2 |
| Memingopneumonitis Virus | 2 |
| Mouse Encephalomyelitis Virus | 2 |
| Mouse Hepatitis Virus | 2 |
| Mouse Leukemia Virus | 2 |
| Mouse Pneumonia Virus | 2 |
| Mumps Virus | 2 |
| Myxomatosis Virus | 2 |
| Newcastle Disease Virus | 2 |
| Newcastle Disease Virus (VVND) | 2 |
| Non-Defective Adenovirus 2SV40 HYB | 2 |
| Papilloma Virus Shope | 2 |
| Parainfluenza Virus | 2 |
| Poliovirus – all types | 2 |
| Polyoma Virus | 2 |
| Poxvirus alastrim | 2 |
| Poxvirus monkey pox | 3 |
| Poxvirus – Smallpox* | |
| Poxvirus sp. | 2 |
| Pseudorabies Virus | 2 |
| Rabies Virus | 2/3 |
| Reovirus sp. | 2 |
| Respiratory Syncytial Virus | 2 |
| Retroviruses, including HIV & SIV | 2/3 |
| Rhinovirus sp. | 2 |
| Rous Sarcoma Virus | 2 |
| Rubella Virus | 2 |
| Simian Virus – other | 2 |
| Simian T-Cell Leukemia Virus | 2 |
| Sindbis Virus | 2 |
| Slow Viruses | 2 |
| Tensaw Virus | 2 |
| Tick-Borne Encephalitis Complex | 4 |
| Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (Creutzfeldt-Jakob, kuru, and related agents | 2 |
| Turlock Virus | 2 |
| Vaccinia Virus | 2 |
| Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis* | 3 |
| Vesicular Stomatitis – lab adapted | 2 |
| Vesicular Somatitis Virus | 3 |
| Woolly Monkey Fibrosarcoma | 3 |
| Yaba Virus | 2 |
| Yellow Fever Virus 17D Strain* | 2 |
| Yellow Fever Virus Except 17D* | 3 |
