How to use this tool
This is a list of agents that, when reasonably anticipated to be present, require a laboratory to comply with Section 5199 for laboratory operations by performing a risk assessment and establishing a biosafety plan that includes appropriate control measures as identified in the standard.
For the table below:
* ‘Large quantities or high concentrations’ refers to volumes or concentrations considerably in excess of those typically used for identification and typing activities. A risk assessment must be performed to determine if the quantity or concentration to be used carries an increased risk, and would therefore require aerosol control.
** ‘activities with high potential for aerosol generation’ include centrifugation
| Agent | Notes |
|---|---|
| Adenovirus | In clinical specimens and in cultures or other materials derived from clinical specimens |
| Arboviruses | Unless identified individually elsewhere in this list (large quantities or high concentrations* of arboviruses for which CDC recommends BSL-2 e.g. dengue virus; potentially infectious clinical materials infected tissue cultures animals or arthropods involving arboviruses for which CDC recommends BSL-3 or higher e.g. Japanese encephalitis West Nile virus Yellow Fever) |
| Arenaviruses | Large quantities or high concentrations of arenaviruses for which CDC recommends BSL-2 e.g. Pichinde virus; potentially infectious clinical materials infected tissue cultures animals or arthropods involving arenaviruses for which CDC recommends BSL-3 or higher e.g. Flexal virus |
| Bacillus anthracis | Activities with high potential for aerosol production** large quantities or high concentrations screening environmental samples from b. anthracis -contaminated locations |
| Blastomyces dermatitidis | Sporulating mold-form cultures processing environmental materials known or likely to contain infectious conidia |
| Bordetella pertussis | Aerosol generation or large quantities or high concentrations |
| Brucella abortus B. canis B. “maris” B. melitensis B. suis | Cultures experimental animal studies products of conception containing or believed to contain pathogenic Brucella spp. |
| Burkholderia mallei B. pseudomallei | Potential for aerosol or droplet exposure handling infected animals large quantities or high concentrations |
| Cercopithecine herpesvirus | see Herpesvirus simiae |
| Chlamydia pneumoniae | Activities with high potential for droplet or aerosol production large quantities or high concentrations |
| Chlamydia psittaci | Activities with high potential for droplet or aerosol production large quantities or high concentrations non-avian strains infected caged birds necropsy of infected birds and diagnostic examination of tissues or cultures known to contain or be potentially infected with C. psittaci strains of avian origin |
| Chlamydia trachomatis | Activities with high potential for droplet or aerosol production large quantities or high concentrations cultures of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) serovars specimens known or likely to contain C. trachomatis |
| Clostridium botulinum | Activities with high potential for aerosol or droplet production large quantities or high concentrations |
| Coccidioides immitis C. posadasii | Sporulating cultures processing environmental materials known or likely to contain infectious arthroconidia experimental animal studies involving exposure by the intranasal or pulmonary route |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | |
| Coxiella burnetti | Inoculation incubation and harvesting of embryonated eggs or cell cultures; experimental animal studies animal studies with infected arthropods necropsy of infected animals handling infected tissues |
| Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus | |
| Cytomegalovirus human | Viral production purification or concentration |
| Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEEV) | Clinical materials infectious cultures infected animals or arthropods |
| Ebola virus | |
| Epstein-Barr virus | Viral production purification or concentration |
| Escherichia coli shiga toxin-producing only | aerosol generation or high splash potential |
| Flexal virus | |
| Francisella tularensis | Suspect cultures––including preparatory work for automated identification systems experimental animal studies necropsy of infected animals high concentrations of reduced- virulence strains) |
| Guanarito virus | |
| Haemophilus influenzae type b | |
| Hantaviruses | Serum or tissue from potentially infected rodents potentially infected tissues large quantities or high concentrations cell cultures experimental rodent studies) |
| Helicobacter pylori | Homogenizing or vortexing gastric specimens |
| Hemorrhagic fever | Specimens from cases thought to be due to dengue or yellow fever viruses or which originate from areas in which communicable hemorrhagic fever are reasonably anticipated to be present |
| Hendra virus | |
| Hepatitis B C and D viruses | Activities with high potential for droplet or aerosol generation large quantities or high concentrations of infectious materials) |
| Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 | |
| Herpesvirus simiae (B-virus) | Consider for any material suspected to contain virus mandatory for any material known to contain virus propagation for diagnosis cultures |
| Histoplasma capsulatum | Sporulating mold-form cultures propagating environmental materials known or likely to contain infectious conidia |
| Human herpesviruses 6A 6B 7 and 8 | Viral production purification or concentration |
| Influenza virus non-contemporary human (H2N2) strains 1918 influenza strain highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) | Large animals infected with 1918 strain and animals infected with HPAI strains in ABSL-3 facilities loose-housed animals infected with HPAI strains in BSL-3-Ag facilities) |
| Influenza virus H5N1 | Human avian |
| Junin virus | |
| Kyasanur forest disease virus | |
| Lassa fever virus | |
| Legionella pneumophila other legionella-like agents | Aerosol generation large quantities or high concentrations |
| Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) | Field isolates and clinical materials from human cases activities with high potential for aerosol generation large quantities or high concentrations strains lethal to nonhuman primates infected transplantable tumors infected hamsters |
| Machupo virus | |
| Marburg virus | |
| Measles virus | |
| Monkeypox virus | Experimentally or naturally infected animals |
| Mumps virus | |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (M. africanum M. bovis M. caprae M. microti M. pinnipedii M. tuberculosis) | Aerosol-generating activities with clinical specimens cultures experimental animal studies with infected nonhuman primates |
| Mycobacteria spp. other than those in the M. tuberculosis complex and M. leprae | Aerosol generation |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Large quantities or high concentrations consider for aerosol or droplet generation |
| Neisseria meningitidis | Activities with high potential for droplet or aerosol production large quantities or high concentrations |
| Nipah virus | |
| Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus | |
| Parvovirus B19 | |
| Prions | Bovine spongiform encephalopathy prions only when supported by a risk assessment |
| Rabies virus and related lyssaviruses | Activities with high potential for droplet or aerosol production large quantities or high concentrations |
| Retroviruses including Human and Simian Immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV) | Activities with high potential for aerosol or droplet production large quantities or high concentrations |
| Rickettsia prowazekii Orientia (Rickettsia) tsutsuagmushi R. typhi (R. mooseri) Spotted Fever Group agents (R. akari R. australis R. conorii R. japonicum R. rickettsii and R. siberica) | Known or potentially infectious materials; inoculation incubation and harvesting of embryonated eggs or cell cultures; experimental animal studies with infected arthropods |
| Rift valley fever virus (RVFV) | |
| Rubella virus | |
| Sabia virus | |
| Salmonella spp. other than S. typhi | aerosol generation or high splash potential |
| Salmonella typhi | activities with significant potential for aerosol generation large quantities |
| SARS coronavirus | untreated specimens cell cultures experimental animal studies |
| Shigella spp. | aerosol generation or high splash potential |
| Streptococcus spp. group A | |
| Tick-borne encephalitis viruses | Central European tick-borne encephalitis Far Eastern tick-borne encephalitis Russian spring and summer encephalitis |
| Vaccinia virus | |
| Varicella zoster virus | |
| Variola major virus (Smallpox virus) | |
| Variola minor virus (Alastrim) | |
| Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) | Clinical materials infectious cultures infected animals or arthropods |
| West Nile virus (WNV) | Dissection of field-collected dead birds cultures experimental animal and vector studies |
| Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) | Clinical materials infectious cultures infected animals or arthropods |
| Yersinia pestis | Antibiotic resistant strains activities with high potential for droplet or aerosol production large quantities or high concentrations infected arthropods potentially infected animals |
